Global Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global Leadership - Essay ExampleBrazils finishing must be properly understood. Non-verbal communication cues and the daily lives of Brazilians are important considerations when kickoff up a course in the country. Religious and educational issues are important to take into account. Before going to Brazil it is vital to learn about(predicate) the social, political, economic, and cultural context in order to maximize returns. Going abroad is always a challenge. It is especially difficult if you have the goal of starting a business or bringing a business opportunity to a foreign country and you will be required to stay they for some time. The culture is different, the people expect different things, and you must deal with your own reservations and culture shock. Doing all of this in Brazil would be a challenging exercise. Brazil is non the most difficult country in the world, merely it does pose a get along of problems for an American seeking to open a logging subsidiary. In this run away of this essay, some of Brazils unique political, cultural, social, and economic factors will be explored. Brazil is a country on the move. Everyone agrees that one of the great accomplishments of globalization is the development a number of second tier, successful economies. These are often called BRIC countriesBrazil, Russia, India, and Chinaand Brazil is clearly a charter member. ... This is important to know if you intend to open a business in Brazil. For the purposes of this assignment, I am intending to open a logging business in Brazil. I will need to present a lot of cultivation about the Brazilian economy and the logging industry in order to feel that my investment in Brazil will be profitable and sustainable. I will also need to know a lot about the people of Brazil and how to interact with them. Their culture and language is very different. It is vital to recognize these differences if I hope to be successful. To begin with, Brazil is by far the largest countr y in South America, both in geographical size and in population. It is nearly half of all of South America, with very diverse physical characteristics, and a population of nearly 200 million (Page, 1995). It is a democracy, but it is a young democracy, with institutions that are still developing and are still slightly vulnerable. Recent elections have been fair and peaceful. The main language in Brazil is Lusitanian (not Spanish) and there are colonial ties to Portugal. The population is very diverse, with native people mixed with African people, mixed with European peoples. The main religion is Catholicism. The political system is similar to that in the United States. The President is elected and is head of government and head of state and appoints his cabinet. The current President is Dilma Rousseff, the first woman (Sanchez, 2010). She is a leftist, but she is also friendly to business. Her predecessor oversaw a great deal of economic growth in the new millennium while also add ing more toil and environmental protections. Brazil is open for business and is happy to accept foreign investors. Legal system To begin with, the legal system in Brazil is base on civil

Ecology and Christian Theology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Ecology and Christian Theology - Essay ExampleSea levels ar rising and closer to home, Australia is faced with water restrictions, greater droughts and more fundamental fire days all because of climate alternate. The impacts of climate change if left unchecked will increase poverty. Poor people in developing countries are more vulnerable to theimpacts of climate change, yet they have done little to contribute to it. Australian average temperatures have increased 0.9C since 1950, with significant regional variations. The frequency of hot days and nights has increased and the frequency of cold days and nights has declined. Since 1950, most of eastern and south-western Australia has experienced substantial rainfall declines. Across red-hot siemens Wales and Queensland these rainfall trends partly reflect a very wet period around the 1950s, though recent years have been unusually dry. In contrast, northwesterly Australia has become wetter over this period, mostly during summer. Fro m 1950 to 2005, extreme daily rainfall intensity and frequency has increased in north-western and central Australia and over the western tablelands of New South Wales, but decreased in the south-east and south-west and along the central east coast. Global sea levels rose by about 17 cm during the 20th century, and by around 10 cm from 1920-2000 at the Australian coastal sites monitored. Substantial warming has also occurred in the three oceans meet Australia, particularly off the south-east coast and in the Indian Ocean.In the film, An Inconvenient Truth, Al Gore begins his slide show on climate change a comprehensive presentation replete with detailed graphs, flow charts and stark visuals. Gore shows off several majestic photographs of the Earth taken from multiple pose missions and he notes that these photos dramatically transformed the way we see the Earth, helping spark modern environmentalism. Throughout the movie, Gore discusses thescientific opinion on climate change, as we ll as the present and futureeffects of

Housing law assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Housing law assignment - Essay ExampleHowever, the colonial structure was not amply sympathetic towards the tenants until democratic reforms were widely carried out. The political reforms were followed by the social and legislative ones, which empowered the tenants, particularly in the developed countries of the Commonwealth.Nevertheless, there was no lovesome and well-thought legislative framework to deter violations of the rights of the tenants by the authorities and the landlords. The municipalities were not beneficial to the old buildings, dormitories, etc. and the private companies and firms had no desire to comply with the law and correct the buildings as residential premises under the municipality. Even after widespread modernisation and democratisation, the problems of the tenants could not be eradicated altogether. The Housing Act 2004 (Commencement No. 11), however, aims at redefining the dimensions of house security of the UK citizens at large. Further, the Homelessness Legislation has energized the community effort and the local governments to safeguard the interests of the tenants.Contextually, the case of James does not appear to be very different from the result issues of tenancy in the UK. After the recent economic crisis and negative growth, housing problems have become preponderant. Particularly, the relationships between the tenants and the landlords have been considerably strained due to the fractious situation of the real estate industry. And the problems that are being faced by James appear to be in continuity with the contemporary housing issues of the UK.James, who is a tenant of a house owned by the South Bank Properties plc, has been suffering from some mental problems. He dwelt in the aforesaid house for a couple of years. Three weeks ago James complained that the central heating system of the house was not working properly. Moreover, condensation in the bathroom and kitchen was faulty. Also, he complained of

Political Parties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political Parties - Essay Example(Bogdanor, 2006) Figures have however been to a greater extent dismal in the past 30 years. In 2005, membership of the Conservative Party had fallen to an abysmal 250,000.Thus from 1975 to 2005, the Conservative Party has lost more than four issue of five of its members. (Bogdanor, 2006) Interestingly, within that same period, the Conservative Party has been in power for a total of more than 15 years. Consequently, though it has been in power for more than half the total time between 1975 and 2005, the Conservative Party has lost more than four fifths of individual membership.The situation of the Labour Party is also precise dismal. Though membership drive in 1996 had witnessed an increase of individual membership to 400,000, by 2006, membership of the Labour Party had dropped to 200,000, half its number in a space of 10 years and one fifth in the space of about 50 years. (Bogdanor, 2006)Fifty years ago, 1 in 11 of the electorate belonged to a gove rnmental party today just 1 in 88 do. Moreover, voters feel less attached to parties than they did. In 1966, 42 per cent professed a very strong attachment to the party of their choice today only 13 per cent do. That, no doubt, is one of the reasons for the increasing volatility of voters and low turnout in general elections - 59 per cent in 2001, 62 per cent in 2005. (para. 1)The high levThe high level of passivity to political party membership may also account for the volatility in voter turnout during elections. The loss of interest in political parties and its concomitant effect on electoral turnouts fuel be contrasted with public participation in other political issues. According to the electoral Commission and the Hansard Society (2004), whereas the 2001 general elections witnessed a significant decline in voter turnouts, there was a greater willingness by the public to participate in demonstrations in 2003 on issues interchangeable the Iraq war, the funding of higher educ ation, and the visit of chairman Bush.Many reasons can be given for the steady loss of interest in political parties over the years in the UK and other EU countries. The locale of political engagement has been diversified in the UK and EU over the years and this has had a great influence on the dwindling membership of political parties. The Electoral Commission and the Hansard Society (2004) have argued thatRecent years have seen an increase in pressure group and protest politics, indicating a more complex picture of political engagement than voting figures alone might suggest. (p. 5)The diversification of political engagement thus connotes a movement from the political party as the central institution for effecting change in society. Traditionally, political parties, especially in the first half of the 20th century were seen as the means of achieving social change. Issues of social concern like social justice, the environment, democracy, and equality were advanced at the politic al party front. (Wainwright, 2008) The formation of the Labour Party in the UK in 1900 epitomises the role of agents of change that political parties enjoyed. The climax together of trade unions, workers and socialists, with the aim of changing the way the interests of the public were represented in Parliament became the bedrock for the founding of the Labour Part

A fiction short story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A fiction short story - Essay ExampleAt 19, Gregg was 2 months the senior of Cynthia. Having just exhausted her birthday with her boyfriend of 6 months, Cynthia longed for the day in which they would not have to part and could continue to spend each and every moment together in the bliss she was certain must await the couple. Although neither of the two were especially well versed in life or the complexities which it presented, they felt the zeal and courageousness that is often condemnations so indicative of individuals their age. The past few days had been spent as it were magically. Gregg had prepared, organized, and facilitated a weekend away for the couple that involved camping surface in a state park within the foothills of the Carolinas. Even though the scenery was of seemingly little value to the star crossed geminate, they spent the time they had hiking the footpaths, enjoying each others company around the campfire, and generally soaking up the sylvan landscape. As suc h, the time passed all too quickly and the pair found itself on the way back home to the realities that had driven them to leave in the first place. Along the bumpy of ill-repaired state road that take down feather from the mountain side, Cynthia let out an audible sigh. Turning to her in between keeping a careful eye on the road, Gregg said, Yes babe what is it? Instead of turn to look into his eyes, Cynthia stared outwards onto the valleys, and silver lined rivers that glistened in the warm glow of the setting sun. Eventually after what seemed to Gregg like far too long a time for a positive answer to the question he asked, Cynthia said, I just dont sack out how much longer we pull up stakes be able to do this. Visibly dismayed by such a answer, Gregg continued leading his old and beaten down SUV around the narrow twists and turns that led down the mountain. After what seemed to Cynthia as a jarringly short amount of time, Gregg responded by asking What do you mean? This se emed as unnecessarily annoying to Cynthia since it was evident to her that Gregg knew full and well what she meant by such a loaded statement. However, rather than responding in a quick or offensive manner, Cynthia took another deep breath, recollect the perfection that the pair had experienced in the hours before, she thought better of such a snarky response. Instead, she reached for his hand in the empty seat that separated them at the moment. This time, turn from the window, she looked lovingly towards him and said Gregg, you know what I mean. I would love to continue this forever but you must realize that if we are to do it, we cannot continue to be intimate apart and will need to risk it all to be together. Without giving her much of a chance to take a breath or to add anything additional to this thought, Gregg blurted out But we will I told you I just have to get a better job so that we will have a way to She interrupted before he could finish. When will that be? You can t imagine how hard it is for me to continue to survive the bother and criticism that we are both getting from both sides of our friends and family. Visibly shaken by her response, Gregg decided that the best way to formulate any further response would be to thoughtfully consider her needs as well as their own prior to answering. Along this line of thought the two passed in lock in as the miles passed by beneath their tires. Finally, and almost imperceptibly, Gregg looked to her and said, Im so sorry I never intended it to be like with us ya know? Of course I do

Engaging Others Unlike Me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Engaging Others Unlike Me - Essay ExampleIn relation to this, it is apparent that I have never on purpose avoided helping any person because he or she does not belong to my in-group.I do believe that volume are not the same in terms of character and ability. As a result of this, I regard every person to be good in some specific areas that I may be poor. It is because of this assumption that I find it very easy to associate with people who are unlike me. In early(a) words, I well socialize with people who are unlike me believing that I will learn something new in the course of socializing. In connection to what takes on the ground, I can claim that my social network is very diverse it has insignificant boundaries. As a leader, it is very crucial to embrace diversity in a group (Bowser, 2011). Some of the things that will enhance the inclusion diverse members in a group are by empowering people. It is through the empowerment that opposite people develop the urge of being members o f a specific group.In-groups include members in an organization with common interest or goal (Hancock & Szalma, 2008). In connection with this definition, in-groups in my working organization include members of an employees club, members in a specific corporation, members of the sale and marketing field, customer care providers in an organization, and peer groups within the organization. Out- groups on the other hand constitute of members with different interests and goals. Out- groups often constitute of person who is in conflict or disagreement with the in-groups (Latham, 2007). Examples of out-groups in my working organization include different peer groups within the company, different sales and marketing groups within the same company, workers who are not members of any group within the company are regarded as out-group, workers involved in selling the companys goods and

Public Opinion and policy Essay Example for Free

Public Opinion and policy EssayIn Public Opinion elected Ideals, egalitarian Practice, Rosalee Clawson and Zoe Oxley interpret mankind tactual sensation as an soulfulnesss beliefs and preferences in regards to both governmental matters and policies.(424) These someone ideas jointly are viewed as the general populations touchs summarized and basin be reflected by a peak. By appeal these opinions through the analyzeing process, law hold backrs are plausibly to take these opinions into consideration when creating and/or regulating a policy. In 1824 The Harrisburg Pennsylvanian newspaper conducted one such poll where the readers were asked to cede a postcard with their opinion about the presidential candidates Andrew Jackson or John Quincy Adams. Jackson won the poll as hygienic as the eventual(prenominal) election.(Franklin) This style of opinion polling has increased over the years and evolved into a much refined and dead on target re faceation of the public. F or inposture, kinda of submitting an untraceable, anonymous postcard, battalion are instead asked to submit a survey and are required to submit some somebodyal culture, which testament remain anonymous, in order to prevent the chance of soul submitting more than than than than one survey.Due to the availability of the telephones and the internet, we are able to survey a larger and more diverse group of citizens which will al down(p) for more accurate results. As ballotrs, we are able to have some control over who represents our opinions as well as who we believe will make decisions that are truly for the betterment of the sight and society. By understanding the five linkage models established by Norman Luttbeg (Robert Kent, 20-21) we are able to see how public opinion can sway the formulation of a public policy.1. The Rational-Activist Model assumes that all voting citizens are level-headed, informed, involved and politically active somebodys. This model presents the idea that if representatives do non make decisions to satisfy the demands of the people, then the people will re focalise that representative. This model is the least likely to be apparent since the majority of the public does not keep close tabs on political actions. The largest brand with this model is that we are assuming all voters are educated and rational about a token issue and/or candidate.2. The Political Parties Model takes place when an individual has an overall accedement with the ideals of an individual caller. Citizens identify with a party whose overall attitude and beliefs internet with their own. A major flaw within this model is the idea that representatives feelpressured to take actions that are for the betterment of the party but not always for the individual citizen.3. The Interest Groups Model establishes that the public can express their opinions to lawmakers by forming a group who will advocate for a collective cause. The groups place pressure on the lawma kers and parties electorally by rallying cigarette those that will publicly promote them. As well as monetarily by donating coin to those individuals and/or parties. By understanding this token model we are able to see the likelihood of one group cosmos more represented than another in society. This would create strife among the people as the group who is the least wealthy would be more likely to be underrepresented even though that group could contain a more accurate representation of the overall public opinion.4. The Delegate Model maintains that a representative is elected based on the candidates set but not necessarily their stance on the issues. This model varies from the Rational Activist model in that it places more responsibility on the candidate to follow the opinions of the constituency or face being replaced and not place the responsibility on the public to educate themselves. While the Delegate Model and the Rational Activist Model are very similar the appoint dif ference is in noting that this model places more pressure on a candidate to follow their constituencys ideas even if the candidate believes that other options would be in the best interest of the constituents.5. The Sharing Model speaks on the idea that a representative will act on their own belief that may not be in complete alignment with their constituency but ascribable to the unlikelihood that the lawmaker will go directly against their constituency they are still placing public opinion in their favor. This model overwhelmingly displays that a representatives values and character may come more into consideration with a voter than that representatives stance on a particular issue. (WK 2008) When we say population we are referring to a large mass of people that represent the summation of a geographical area. (Robert Kent, 28) Population can be that of a country, state, city or even a university leading to extremely large groups of people that would take too much time to poll in dividually. within any yieldn population we take samples, collect data from a subdivision of a population in an effort to estimate the overall opinions of the collective group. Within these subsets of populations the results may not be a completely accurate reflection of the overall population. Religion,race and income are factors that can greatly sway the gist but most instances are unintentional. (US History) A biased sample is where in that location has been a methodical selection of the participants in an effort to achieve a be after outcome. An unintentional occurrence might take place with a telephone sampling. The University of Texas at Austin elaborated on this bias in regards to telephone sampling. For instance, if the sum of money of people who are without phones, or those who simply dont answer the phone are not considered this can greatly skew the results. Truly haphazard samplings are where the participants are act solely due to chance and where every varying sub set of citizens has an equal chance to be selected. (Rosalee Zoe, 29-30) A sample will very rarely get the exact percentages as it is highly likely that they will miss a group of people since the entire population is not participating and we are taking smaller groups to represent the entirety.The confidence level is a mathematical probability measure that tells us how reliable our data is in footing of accuracy. We keep this probability to a manageable number by keeping the number of individuals polled low. Polls are kept to less than 1,000 respondents due to the margin of flaw as well as the fact that the accuracy improves lone(prenominal) marginally with larger samples. (Robert Kent 30) The 1936 poll conducted by Literacy Digest proclaimed that the Republican candidate was likely to be the overwhelming winner of the Presidential election when in actuality it was Franklin Delano Roosevelt that won the bid for President. Seeing as how this poll was conducted at a time where the majority of people were dealing with the aftermath of the stock market crash and the subsequent great depression we can infer that the majority of the people polled were people who had the funds to subscribe to a weekly magazine, owned a telephone and possibly an automobile. The Republican candidate was projected to be the winner most likely due to the affluent Republican participants of the survey. During this same election George Gallups American Institute of Public Opinion did project the winner to be Franklin Delano Roosevelt, which placed the Gallup poll into the spotlight. It is believed that the Gallup poll was able to accurately predict the outcome due to their preference of using a smaller and more diverse sample. (Polling the Nations)Ideologies are the beliefs of an individual about the dissimilar social, cultural, political and economic operations within a society. An individual forms opinions based on their beliefs, life experience, genetics and many factors that as a whole make up their political ideology. (Rosalee Zoe, p62) The liberal ideology is based on the beliefs that government intervention in economic matters, as well as a staple fiber belief in the equality of the people. While a conservatives ideology is based on the beliefs that there should be minimal government intervention in all matters, as well as an emphasis on tradition and individual responsibility. (Robert Kent, p72-73)There are five main influences that will affect how a person develops their ideology family, gender, religion, ethnicity, and/or region. All of these influences will combine, influencing the opinions and beliefs of the citizen. Since a person develops opinions based on the experiences and knowledge they have developed over the course of their lives, there can be instances where a person can completely flip-flop on their original ideals as time progresses and while this is highly unlikely it is still possible.( Pelin, Erik, Jackie) For instance, a person who grew up in an affluential conservative household may find as they get older and more self-governing that their view of the world is vastly different from that of their families. This can also lead to strife amongst families in instances where there is an obvious divide on the ideals. A person who is witness to the exchange of ideas in the midst of the opposing sides is likely to be influenced by the attitudes and opinions of the people while also comparing those individuals ideals to their behaviors, character, and reliability.Conservatives and Liberals have very different ideological standpoints and many Americans unravel to execute towards one or the other in regards to their personal beliefs toward public policy making and governing styles. However, it has been discovered that the majority of the present American public do not identify themselves as adhering to one austere ideology but instead place themselves somewhere in the middle. (Robert Kent, p83) Conservatives have the highest percentage of individuals who are strict ideologues. (Gallup-a) But there are many individuals from either side that can be uncompromisingin their ideals and take their truth as the one and only truth.In understanding a persons chosen ideology we are faced with an interesting fact that while most people tend to identify themselves as conservative, the overall majority of the public tends to vote more liberally. (John, 2014) Conservatives are ideologically defined by their strict adherence to traditional values and practices as well as their live for little to no governmental regulation and their emphasis on individual citizens taking personal responsibility. Liberals are or else defined by their belief that the government should be active in the regulation of the people in order to protect the citizens from the possibility of unequal and anti-Semite(prenominal) actions. (Rosalee Zoe, p134) Liberals are also recognized by their beliefs in the overall equality of citi zens, protection of liberties and progressive thinking that is based on the idea that there is overall an essential goodness to the mass populous. While there are vast differences between these opposing sides, it is possible to see how a person may agree with a conservative view of government while simultaneously believing in the humanist attributes of the liberal view.Individuals will usually develop an allegiance to a particular party (typically Democrat or Republican, though many other political parties have emerged), or will categorize themselves as being an independent of a specific party affiliation. An individuals party identification gives us a better idea on how that person will vote in elections as people tend to follow their elected partys specific views on an issue as well as electorally support a political leader of the party, but that is not always the case. Party identification has been described as being a psychological identification, or being the way an individual has come to their current attitudes towards public policy by way of their individual life experience, that will continue to influence how new information is processed. (Thomas Geoffrey)If we were to question an individuals likelihood to remain a steady voter for one particular party, the Michigan Model theory will give us such a theory to go on as this model emphasizes an individuals party attachment ispredominately stable. One noticeable flaw in this theory is if a party were to change their stance on an issue that overwhelmingly goes against the beliefs or ideals of the individual, the voter may then vote against the party if not possibly switch parties altogether. But this is unlikely as the voter is more likely to respond to the performances of their elected representatives than to their ideologies alone. (Harold, David, Marianne capital of Minnesota)By looking at the present day Republican Party we are able to see they are typically very conservative in their views, which may be why more and more religious people vote in accordance with this party. The Republican party favors towards older, affluent and white males while the Democratic party tends to be more diverse. The Democratic Party contains a very diverse group of people and is weighted in the areas of women, race and sexual orientation. (Gallup-b) The majority of younger Americans also identifies with the Democratic Party. By seeing the makeup of these parties we can deduce that it is likely the Democrats are representative of a new school wave that is pushing for a more liberalistic approach. (Adam, 2014)The presidential approval rating is one of the main political opinion polls taken and focused on by the media. This ranking shows whether the public generally approves or disapproves of the job performance of the person holding Americas highest office. In studying the inconsistent falls and climbs of the approval rating there have been certain trends believed to be the cause of some high points during a presidential term. (Rosalee Zoe, 109) The honeymoon effect is the first trend that will take place during the days after a President takes office. This effect refers to the initial phase after the swearing in of the president into the office. Since this man is entering office with a clean sheet, and has recently come off of an approval high as evidenced by his election, people are more likely to be optimistic towards actions taken by the president. Eventually there will come a time where a problem is encountered and the presidents plan of action will no doubtedly upset a cluster of people. After this point there can be varying reasons for the day-to-day rising and falling of the approval rating. (Robert Kent, 120)In some instances a presidents rating can climb when the nation has been confronted with a foreign event that involves America and possibly a crisis for the American people. This idea is referred to as the rally round the flag effect. Robert Erikson and Kent Ted in write in American Public Opinion (121) this effect is likely to occur due to the desire of the American people to feel united behind a leader. One of the most accurate examples of this would be the attitude of the American people after the attacks that took place on 9/11 and the subsequent skyrocketing in the approval ratings for President George W. Bush. Upon deeper evaluation of this occurrence when there is more of a relative calming of the people and the effects of war, both financially as well as the casualties incurred, the approval ratings are then subject to drop, one could say when reality sets in. (Rosalee Zoe, 111)The final source for the possible explanations behind drastic increases and decreases in a presidential approval rating is the state of the economy. An economy that is poorly performing will likely result in low approval ratings for the President and a prosperous economy to increase the approval rating. According to Kevin Hoover in his article Phillips Curve , during a low economic point there will be higher rates of unemployment and inflation. These two factors can have a substantial and negative impact on an individuals livelihood. President Obama was elected during a time of economic strife due to many factors including a housing market crash as well as the weighing cost of the War on Terror. Even though Obama was not in the Presidential office during the onset of the war, nor was he to pluck for the inevitable housing market crash, his approval rating suffered due to the onset of these events aftereffects.BibliographyRobert S. Erikson and Kent L. Tedin, American Public Opinion, New Jersey Pearson Education, Inc., 2011 Rosalee A. Clawson and Zoe M. Oxley, Public Opinion Democratic Ideals, Democratic Practice. chapiter D.C., 2013 The University of Texas at Austin. Biased Sampling and Extrapolation. Last modified August 28, 2012.https//www.ma.utexas.edu/users/mks/statmistakes/biasedsampling.html Pelin Kesebir, Erik Phillips, Jackie A nson, Tom Pyszczynski, Matt Motyl, Ideological Consistency across the Political Spectrum Liberals are more Consistent but Conservatives Become More Consistent When Coping with Existential Threat (February 11, 2013). http//ssrn.com/abstract=2215306John Sides, Why Most Conservatives are Secretly Liberals, The Washington Post, March 6, 2014. http//www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/03/06/why-most-conservatives-are-secretly-liberals/ Gallup-a. Conservatives Remain the Largest Ideological Group in U.S. Last modified January 12, 2012. http//www.gallup.com/poll/152021/conservatives-remain-largest-ideological-group.aspx Gallup-b. Democrats Racially Diverse Republicans Mostly White Last modified February 8, 2013 http//www.gallup.com/poll/160373/democrats-racially-diverse-republicans-mostly-white.aspx US History. American Political Attitudes and Participation What Factors Shape Political Attitudes? Last modified January, 2013.http//www.ushistory.org/gov/4b.aspChristopher Ellis and James A. Stimson, Pathways to Ideology in American Politics the Operational-Symbolic Paradox Revisitedhttp//www.unc.edu/jstimson/Working_Papers_files/Pathways.pdf Harold D. Clarke, David Sanders, Marianne C. Stewart and Paul Whitely, The Dynamics of Party Identification, in Political Choice in Britain, edited by Harold D. Clarke (Oxford Oxford University Press, 2004), 185-186. https//www.essex.ac.uk/bes/bookfiles/Sanders-ch06.pdfFranklin Marshall College. The First Political Poll. Last modified June 18, 2002. http//www.fandm.edu/politics/politically-uncorrected-column/2002-politically-uncorrected/the-first-political-poll WK, Ph.D. Candidate, The fibre of Salience on the Relationship between Public Policy and Public Opinion (Paper prepared for DC AAPOR Student Paper Competition, December 12, 2008) http//www.dc-aapor.org/documents/spc08wk.pdf